Microwave sterilization It is the result of the joint action of the thermal effect and biological effect of the electromagnetic field. The thermal effect of microwave on bacteria is to change the protein, so that bacteria lose nutrition, reproduction and survival conditions and die. The biological effect of microwave on bacteria is that the microwave electric field changes the potential distribution of the cell membrane section, affects the concentration of electrons and ions around the cell membrane, thus changing the permeability of the cell membrane. As a result, bacteria are malnourished, unable to metabolize normally, cell structure and function are disordered, and growth and development suffer and die. In addition, the nucleic acid RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid DNA, which can enable normal growth and stable genetic reproduction of bacteria by microwave, are relaxed, broken and recombined by several hydrogen bonds, thus inducing genetic gene mutation, or chromosomal aberration or even breakage.